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germ cell

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germ cell 生殖細胞。

生殖細胞。 “germ“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.微生物，細菌，病菌，病原菌。 2.【生物學】幼 ...“cell“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.小室，單室；隔間，艙；〔詩〕茅舍；(單個的)蜂 ...“germ-cell“ 中文翻譯：   生殖細胞, 胚細胞“asexual germ cell“ 中文翻譯：   無性生殖細胞“extraembryonal germ cell“ 中文翻譯：   胚外生殖細胞“functioning germ cell tumor“ 中文翻譯：   功能性牛殖細胞瘤“germ cell alkaline phosphatase“ 中文翻譯：   胚細胞堿性磷酸酶“germ cell cycle“ 中文翻譯：   生殖細胞周期“germ cell determinant“ 中文翻譯：   生殖細胞定子; 生殖細胞決定體; 生殖細胞決定子“germ cell neoplasm“ 中文翻譯：   胚細胞瘤“germ cell tumor“ 中文翻譯：   胚細胞瘤; 胚組織瘤; 生殖細胞瘤“germ cell tumor of ovary“ 中文翻譯：   卵巢生殖細胞腫瘤“germ cell tumour“ 中文翻譯：   生殖細胞瘤“germ line cell“ 中文翻譯：   生殖譜系細胞“germ mother cell“ 中文翻譯：   種母細胞“germ positive cell“ 中文翻譯：   革蘭陽性細胞“germ-cell cycle“ 中文翻譯：   生殖細胞周史, 生殖細胞周期“germ-cell determinant“ 中文翻譯：   生殖細胞定子; 生殖細胞決定體, 卵小體“germ-line cell“ 中文翻譯：   生殖譜系細胞“lysosome of male germ cell“ 中文翻譯：   男性生殖細胞溶酶體“mature germ cell“ 中文翻譯：   成熟生殖細胞“mixed germ cell tumor“ 中文翻譯：   混合性生殖細胞瘤“nonseminomatous germ cell tumor“ 中文翻譯：   非精原細胞瘤型生殖細胞瘤“primary germ cell“ 中文翻譯：   原始生殖細胞“primitive germ cell“ 中文翻譯：   原生殖細胞; 原始生殖細胞

Embryology mainly concerns the developmental processes and mechanism of a human being , and is divided into general embryology that studies the formations and development of germ cells , fertilization and early development of human embryo , and special embryology that studies the formation and malformations of different organs 胚胎學“是研究人體胚胎發生及其機制的科學，包括生殖細胞的發生、受精、胚胎發育、胚胎與母體的關系以及部分人體畸形學的內容。

germ layer

The primary primordial germ cells is obtain from the human embryos after 4 - 8 weeks of pregnancy . after mechanical desection and enzymic digestion , the cells were cultured on mouse embryonic flbroblast or human embryonic flbroblast feeder layer inactivated by mitomycin . the medium contains several cytokines : lif ( leukemia inhibitory factor ) , bfgf and foskolin 從4 ? 8周的流產胎兒的原始生殖嵴部位分離到原始生殖細胞，經過機械和化學方法的解離后培養于事先用絲裂霉素處理過的小鼠胚胎成纖維細胞或人胚胎成纖維細胞飼養層上，培養基中添加了lif ， bfgef ， foskolin等細胞因子，此后大約每7天左右傳代一次。

There are so many molecules involved the fertility , such as : spl7 , a mammalian testis - and sperm - specific protein , can specifically bind with zona pellucida , dextran , dextran sulfated , and fucoidin . another germ cell cyritestin is a testis - and sperm - specific protein belonging to the adam family . it has a disintegrin domain at the n - terminal , known as a integrin ligand , that suggests cyritestin could be involved in sperm adhesion and fusion with the egg membrane previous study demonstration 配子中的許多分子均參與了上述關鍵環節，如在精母細胞、精細胞和睪丸精子中表達，并特異性與卵子透明帶糖蛋白、葡聚糖、糖酐脂結合的精子表面蛋白17 ( sp17 ) ，以及參與識別或與卵子膜上的整合素相互作用的adam家族成員之一的cyritestin蛋白等。

Embryonic stem ( es ) cells were derived from the inner cell mass ( icm ) of preimplantation embryos , and embryonic germ ( eg ) cells from primordial germ cells ( pgc ) . both es and eg cells were cultured to determine the factors affecting on isolation , cloning and passage of pluripotent stem cells from icr mouse embryos 試驗以icr小鼠胚胎內細胞團( icm )和原始生殖細胞( pgc )為材料，采用不同培養體系分離克隆胚胎多能干細胞，探討icr品系小鼠胚胎多能干細胞分離克隆的基本方法，以及一些因素對其分離、培養、克隆、傳代等效果的影響。

( 3 ) isolation and culture of human primordial germ cells ( pgcs ) . human pgcs collected from gonadal ridges and mesenteries were grown on mouse feeder layers in the presence of human recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor ( lif ) , human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor , and forskolin as described previously . initially , pgcs were visualized by alkaline phosphatase activity staining ( 3 )人類pgcs的分離和培養從4 10周齡藥物流產胚胎的生殖嵴和腸系膜組織中分離原始生殖細胞( primordialgermcells ， pgcs ) ，培養在添加人重組白血病抑制因子( lif ) 、人重組堿性成纖維細胞生長因子( bfgf )和forskolin的小鼠飼養層細胞上。

L . a total of 312 fetuses were collected from 27 wuzhishan inbreeding pigs ( wzsp ) and white minitype pigs to study the factors influencing the establishment of porcine embryonic germ cells , and we draw the following conclusions : ( 1 ) we can get embryonic fibroblasts from d26 - 28 fetuses ( day of first mating is day 0 , that is d 0 ) ; in this thesis , sto and mef1 were inactivated by incubation in medium containing 10 g / ml of mitomycin c for 1 . 75h ~ 2h ; while pef were inactivated by the same medium for 2 . 25h ~ 2 . 5h 本實驗以中國近交系五指山小型豬( wzsp )和微型白豬為材料，先后從27頭豬采集了312枚早期胎兒用于進行豬胚胎干細胞( eg )建系影響因素研究，得出如下結論： ( 1 ) d26 - 28豬胎兒可用于制作胎兒成纖維細胞。制作飼養層時， sto 、 mef ~ 1細胞用10 g ml絲裂酶素c處理1 . 75h 2h ； pef細胞用絲裂酶素c處理2 . 25h 2 . 5h 。

The expression and activity of cdc2 in spermatogenesis cdc2 is emergent in 10 days primary spermatocyte , but the expression is at a low level because the testicles are not right in scrotum , which can lead the germ cells stop to grow , however , the expression of cdc2 begins to increase since 20 days , which can improve the meiosis . the expression is also showed in sperm , which is the end of meiosis . the data showed that the phosphorylation of cdc2 tryl5 in germ cells is increase with Cdcz場巧的磷酸化抑制cdcz的活性，它的磷酸化可以導致mpf復合物解離，使其失去生物活性，綜合以上實驗結果可以說明:在雄性小鼠生殖細胞發育過程中， cdcz在精原細胞、初級精母細胞及精子細胞中表達，隨著翠丸組織中生殖細胞的不斷成熟，生殖細胞中cdcz活性逐漸下降; cdcz在精子中同樣存在，但已失去其生物活性。

Embryology mainly concerns the developmental processes and mechanism of a human being , and is divided into general embryology that studies the formations and development of germ cells , fertilization and early development of human embryo , and special embryology that studies the formation and malformations of different organs 胚胎學“是研究人體胚胎發生及其機制的科學，包括生殖細胞的發生、受精、胚胎發育、胚胎與母體的關系以及部分人體畸形學的內容。

2 . isolation and cloning of mouse embryonic germ cells of icr species primordial germ cells ( pgc ) were isolation from 8 . 5 - 15 . 5 dpc ( days post coitum ) embryos . eg cell lines with the characteristic of murine es cell line were established and continuously cultured to 6th passage Icr小鼠eg細胞的分離克隆研究本試驗以icr品系小鼠胚胎8 . 5 15 . 5dpcpgc為材料，經傳代培養，獲得能連續而穩定傳至6代的，具有胚胎干細胞諸多特性的eg細胞系。

We propose that genetic materials in rootstock being translocated and integrated into the genome of the germ cells and embryonic cells in scion are the main reasons why the majority of the hybrid seedlings have wild properties and the heredity of fruit trees violate mendel ' s laws of heredity 砧木中的遺傳物質轉移并整合到接穗生殖細胞和胚胎細胞的染色體組中，是雜種后代出現大量野生植株和果樹遺傳不遵守孟德爾定律的主要原因。

Mutation can also occur in cells other than germ cells - somatic mutation ? but this is likely to be apparent only when the genetically altered cell proliferates abnormally to form a large family or clone of similar cells , e . g . when a tumour forms 突變也可發生于生殖細胞以外的細胞（體細胞突變） ，但這很可能僅表現于遺傳性改變的細胞異常增生而形成一大系或克隆的相似的細胞時，例如當一個腫瘤形成時。

In order to determine the function and possible relationship between cdc2 and p70s6k in testicle and germ cells in deferent phase , we study the expression and kinase activity of cdc2 and p70s6k in male mouse germ cells 為此我們研究了雄性小鼠在不同發育階段的睪丸組織及生殖細胞中cdc2與p ~ ( 70 ) s6k蛋白表達及活性變化，揭示了cdcz與p70s6k在生殖細胞減數分裂的調控作用及相關性。

Cloning new apoptosis related novel gene is a key to further understanding of apoptosis mechanism and the biology process of germ cell , and it is of momentous significance on clarifying physiology and pathology process of spermatogenesis 而克隆新的特異性的睪丸凋亡相關基因是進一步了解生殖細胞凋亡機制和生物學過程的關鍵所在，對闡明精子發生的生理、病理具有重要意義。

Most teratomas of the mediastinum are benign and only 15 - 20 % account for malignant neoplasms , such as immature teratomas , mature teratomas with malignant transformation , or teratomas concomitant to mixed germ cell tumors 大部分縱膈腔畸胎瘤是良性的，百分之十五至二十是惡性腫瘤，如不成熟畸胎瘤、成熟畸胎瘤并惡性轉形、畸胎瘤共存的混合生殖細胞瘤。

Inner cell mass ( icm ) of the blastocyst stage embryo and primordial germ cells ( pgcs ) of fetus are the mostly used materials for derivation of pluripotent stem cells 早期囊胚的內細胞團( innercellmass ， icm )和原始生殖細胞( primordialgermcells ， pgcs )是獲得多能干細胞( pluripotentstemcell )的兩種主要的材料來源。

Our research work is based on the derivation and cultivation of human embryonic germ cell and mouse embryonic stem cell , and the directed differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells 本實驗也在人類胚胎生殖嵴干細胞、小鼠胚胎干細胞的分離培養，以及小鼠胚胎干細胞的定向分化等方面進行了研究。

The results showed that myocardial cells and male germ cells of the experimented animals could be damaged whether by injection cadmium into their body cavity or by exposing cadmium 結果顯示：無論體內注射還是體外暴露鎘，心肌細胞和雄性生殖細胞超微結構都出現了改變，并隨著時間的延長而加劇。

Somatic describing the cells of an organism other than germ cells . somatic cells divide by mitosis producing daughter cells identical to the parent cell 體細胞的：用于描述除了生殖細胞以外的有機體的組成細胞。體細胞通過有絲分裂增殖產生與親本相似的子代細胞。

Embryonic stem cells ( esc ) are undifferentiated totipotent cells that could be differentiated in vivo into any kind of cells theoretically , including germ cells 摘要胚胎干細胞是一種具有發育全能性的細胞系，理論上能分化為包括生殖細胞在內的各種組織細胞。